NASA's AIRS Displays Sulfur Dioxide Plumes After Raikoke Eruption, June 2019

Dormant since 1924, the Raikoke Volcano on Russia's Kuril Islands began erupting on June 22, 2019. In this image made with data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder on NASA's Aqua satellite, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) in the volcanic plume is observed over several overpasses on July 2, 2019, days after the Raikoke volcanic eruption.

SO₂ absorbs infrared radiance emitted from Earth's surface and the lower atmosphere in proportion with the quantity of SO₂ present in the plume. Areas with higher quantities of sulfur dioxide are shown in dark red while areas with lower quantities of sulfur dioxide are shown in light orange. Areas where data was not included in the image, due to the lack of plume in those regions, are shown in white. The image combines multiple granules of AIRS data taken throughout the day. Each data granule collected by the instrument is outlined in green, with its corresponding time stamp (in UTC) printed in white.

AIRS, in conjunction with the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), senses emitted infrared and microwave radiation from Earth to provide a three-dimensional look at Earth's weather and climate. Working in tandem, the two instruments make simultaneous observations down to Earth's surface. With more than 2,000 channels sensing different regions of the atmosphere, the system creates a global, three-dimensional map of atmospheric temperature and humidity, cloud amounts and heights, greenhouse gas concentrations and many other atmospheric phenomena. Launched into Earth orbit in 2002, the AIRS and AMSU instruments fly onboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft and are managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of the Caltech.

JPL Photojournal page for this image: https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA23421