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As the polar vortex rotates you see consistent patterns over the United States, where the tongue of cold air will dip repeatedly over and over bringing wave after wave of bad weather.
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Globes showing polar vortex time series.
Polar Vortex mosaic animation, December 2002 to March 2020
In this animation, NASA instruments show the seasonal cycle of vegetation and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 
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Watching Earth Breathe: The Seasonal Vegetation Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide [Narrated Version]
Watching Earth Breathe: The Seasonal Vegetation Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide [Narrated Version]
An animated map and time series of mid-tropospheric carbon monoxide over 2002-2022 as observed by AIRS.
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An animated map and time series of mid-tropospheric carbon monoxide over 2002-2022 as observed by AIRS.
AIRS Global Carbon Monoxide over 20 Years (2002-2022)
This animation, created with data acquired by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua satellite, shows the total amount of water vapor contained in the atmosphere for most...
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NASA's AIRS Sees Rivers of Rain for California
NASA's AIRS Sees Rivers of Rain for California
AIRS Level 3 Monthly average temperatures at 500mb from October 2002, to October 2019, north polar view.
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AIRS Level 3 Monthly average temperatures at 500mb from October 2002, to October 2019, north polar view.
Air Temperature 500 hPa, North Polar View, 2002 – 2019
AIRS Level 3 Daily Temperatures at 500 mb for January, February and March 2019. Ascending and Descending orbits are averaged.
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Air Temperature at 500 hPa
Polar Vortex – Air Temperature at 500 hPa, January-March 2019
Global monthly mean temperatures for each month of the AIRS mission at 931 mb with anomaly in temperature in the Arctic region.
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Global monthly mean temperatures for each month of the AIRS mission at 931 mb with anomaly in temperature in the Arctic region.
Shrinking Polar Circle - AIRS Temperature Anomaly Trends in the Arctic
The continuing heat wave in the United States in July 2011 has broken temperature records in many locations, killed dozens and seen nearly half of all Americans under heat advisories at its peak.
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U.S. 2011 Heat Wave: Surface Skin Temperature Anomaly, Day
U.S. 2011 Heat Wave: Surface Skin Temperature Anomaly, Day
Packing gusts of nearly 300 kilometers per hour (184 miles per hour) and sustained winds of 240 kilometers per hour (150 miles per hour), Super-Typhoon Pongsona struck the U.S. Island of Guam on De...
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Super-Typhoon Pongsona, December 2002
Super-Typhoon Pongsona, December 2002
AIRS mapped the dome of high pressure that settled over the northwestern U.S. and western Canada in late June, sending temperatures into the triple digits.
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Animation showing evolution of heat wave in U.S. Pacific Northwest.
NASA's AIRS Tracks Record-Breaking Heat Wave in Pacific Northwest
This visualization shows global carbon dioxide from July 2003 at 8 km. Low concentrations are shown in blue and high concentrations are shown in red.
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Global Carbon Dioxide, July 2003
Global Carbon Dioxide, July 2003
Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecr...
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Global Carbon Dioxide, July 2003
Global Carbon Dioxide, July 2003
In the summer of 2010, months of record-breaking drought and temperatures culminated with a rash of fires that ravaged western Russia for weeks. 
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Russian Fires and Pakistan Floods
Russian Fires and Pakistan Floods
This movie of temperature observations from NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft depicts the first major North American weather event of 2014: cold air mo...
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NASA's AIRS Sees Polar Vortex Behind U.S. Big Chill
NASA's AIRS Sees Polar Vortex Behind U.S. Big Chill
Time series 2003-2019 shows a persistent source of CO in the Central African regions during late summer with reduced persistence in the South American regions in the later years. 
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Globes shows time series of carbon monoxide transport.
Carbon monoxide time series mosaic animation, 2003-2019
Animation showing surface air temperature maps with geopotential height contours (in km at the 200 hPa pressure surface) overlaid over North America and the Arctic from February 17th to 26th, 2023,...
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Animation of surface air temperature and geopotential height during February 2023 cold outbreak over US
Animation of surface air temperature and geopotential height during February 2023 cold outbreak over US
On June 4, 2011 the Puyuhue-Cordón Caulle volcano complex, located 40.59 deg S, 72.12 deg W in Chile, erupted, sending ash clouds 15 km into the atmosphere and on their way around the world. It was...
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Volcanic Ash from Puyehue Eruption
Volcanic Ash from Puyehue Eruption
The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, AIRS, was launched aboard the Aqua Spacecraft in 2002 as part of NASA's Earth Observing System Afternoon Constellation of satellites known as the 'A-Train.
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Arctic Carbon Dioxide, February 2010 to February 2011
Arctic Carbon Dioxide, February 2010 to February 2011
In this animation, NASA instruments show the seasonal cycle of vegetation and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 
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Watching Earth Breathe: The Seasonal Vegetation Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
Watching Earth Breathe: The Seasonal Vegetation Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
Cyril Crevoisier of France's National Center for Scientific Research talks about the challenges of retrieving atmospheric carbon dioxide and his effort to find its sources and sinks.
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Teasing out Carbon Dioxide From Earth's Atmosphere - An interview with Cyril Crevoisier
Teasing out Carbon Dioxide From Earth's Atmosphere - An interview with Cyril Crevoisier
Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecr...
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Global Carbon Dioxide with Winds, July 2003
Global Carbon Dioxide with Winds, July 2003
This movie shows air temperature just above the surface observed by AIRS during the first major heatwave of 2023 over North America, with the highest temperatures in the US during June 23-26 center...
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This movie shows the air temperature just above the surface of the ground observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder at 2:30 in the afternoons of June 24-26 during the first major heatwave of 2023 over North America.
Texas Heatwave in June 2023
During the month of January 2014, the continental United States experienced several bouts of extremely cold air that moved southward from the north polar region.
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Temperature Anomaly corresponding to January 2014 Polar Vortex Activity
Temperature Anomaly corresponding to January 2014 Polar Vortex Activity
Larrabee Strow of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, has spent a career teasing out Earth's atmospheric molecules and studying how they react using a technique called high resolution spe...
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How to build an indisputable climate record - An interview with Larrabee Strow
How to build an indisputable climate record - An interview with Larrabee Strow
The continuing heat wave in the United States in July 2011 has broken temperature records in many locations, killed dozens and seen nearly half of all Americans under heat advisories at its peak. 
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U.S. 2011 Heat Wave: Surface Air Temperature Anomaly, Day
U.S. 2011 Heat Wave: Surface Air Temperature Anomaly, Day

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